Privatization of public education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between opportunities and challenges: a systematic descriptive review of the literature 2023/2026 within the framework of Vision 2030

Abstract

This study aimed to critically examine the privatization of public education within the context of Saudi Vision 2030, and its effects on equity, quality, governance, and the role of education in society as a whole. This research adopted a descriptive methodology to answer the research questions and achieve the set objectives. A review of previous studies that addressed the general theme of the research problem during the period between 2023 and 2026 was conducted. Scientific sources were relied upon, including articles from peer-reviewed journals, as well as specialized academic books and references. Master's and doctoral theses from various digital databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were also consulted. Results: The study concluded that the privatization movement raises questions about the role of education as a government resource, potentially undermining the state's ability to guarantee free and universal access, as well as sustainability. Associated models, such as public-private partnerships or outsourcing, may lead to monopolies by a few companies, driving up costs and resulting in a lack of public oversight.The study recommended the implementation of strict regulations to ensure quality, equity, and fairness in the activities of private education providers, such as tracking student performance, teacher qualifications, and resource allocation. The study also highlighted the importance of strengthening accountability between the public and private sectors. A clear governance system and performance measurement framework should be established to coordinate private sector incentives in line with national educational goals. This system should be transparent, ethical, and aligned with the national development and social cohesion objectives of Vision 2030.