Nawab, Awatif Mohammed, Ibrahim Jalal Ahmad Muhammad, and Ahlam Ali Ahmad Abu Qaid. “Objectives and Motives of Western Journeys to the Arabian Peninsula”. Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences 6, no. 11 (September 27, 2022): 80–100. Accessed December 21, 2025. https://journals.ajsrp.com/index.php/jhss/article/view/5581.